CNG Full Form

The full form of CNG is Compressed Natural Gas; it is a fuel gas as Petrol/Diesel. It comprises Methane(CH₄) & is compressed to 1% of the volume at Standard Atmospheric Pressure, stored in containers at a pressure of 20-25 MPa (or) 2900 – 3600 psi.

Natural gas offers a lower risk in the case of a leak, as compared to other liquids.

History

Naturally occurring natural gas was discovered and identified in 1626, America. William Hart, in 1821 dug the first successful natural gas well in New York, U.S.

In the late 1800 U.S. implemented the usage of natural gas as a fuel for automobiles. And shortly after the 2nd World War, Italy and many other European nations implemented CNG as fuel for automobiles.

Properties of CNG

1. CNG is odorless, tasteless and non-toxic, and made up of methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, propane, and traces of ethane. 
2. Methane is the main component in CNG.
3. It is an environmentally clean alternative fuel.
4. CNG provides less risk in case of leakage, as it dispenses fast in the air.
5. CNG has an energy density of 53.6 MJ/kg (or) 9 MJ/L.

Advantages of CNG

1. CNG has a lower maintenance cost as compared to other Hydrocarbon fuel vehicles.
2. CNG fuel systems are completely sealed, preventing any losses due to spills, leaks, or evaporation in the air.
3. Less pollution and more efficiency. 
4. It is less likely to ignite at hot surfaces, has an auto-ignition temperature of 540°C.
5. Much safer than Petrol or diesel-powered vehicle.

Disadvantages of CNG

1. CNG vehicles require a greater amount of space for fuel storage than petrol-powered vehicles.
2. The leakage of unburned methane as natural gas is significant(methane is a short-lived greenhouse gas).
3. Has a lower energy density.
4. CNG stations have limited availability.

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